21 research outputs found
A moving control volume approach to computing hydrodynamic forces and torques on immersed bodies
We present a moving control volume (CV) approach to computing hydrodynamic
forces and torques on complex geometries. The method requires surface and
volumetric integrals over a simple and regular Cartesian box that moves with an
arbitrary velocity to enclose the body at all times. The moving box is aligned
with Cartesian grid faces, which makes the integral evaluation straightforward
in an immersed boundary (IB) framework. Discontinuous and noisy derivatives of
velocity and pressure at the fluid-structure interface are avoided and
far-field (smooth) velocity and pressure information is used. We re-visit the
approach to compute hydrodynamic forces and torques through force/torque
balance equation in a Lagrangian frame that some of us took in a prior work
(Bhalla et al., J Comp Phys, 2013). We prove the equivalence of the two
approaches for IB methods, thanks to the use of Peskin's delta functions. Both
approaches are able to suppress spurious force oscillations and are in
excellent agreement, as expected theoretically. Test cases ranging from Stokes
to high Reynolds number regimes are considered. We discuss regridding issues
for the moving CV method in an adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) context. The
proposed moving CV method is not limited to a specific IB method and can also
be used, for example, with embedded boundary methods
Simulating water-entry/exit problems using Eulerian-Lagrangian and fully-Eulerian fictitious domain methods within the open-source IBAMR library
In this paper we employ two implementations of the fictitious domain (FD)
method to simulate water-entry and water-exit problems and demonstrate their
ability to simulate practical marine engineering problems. In FD methods, the
fluid momentum equation is extended within the solid domain using an additional
body force that constrains the structure velocity to be that of a rigid body.
Using this formulation, a single set of equations is solved over the entire
computational domain. The constraint force is calculated in two distinct ways:
one using an Eulerian-Lagrangian framework of the immersed boundary (IB) method
and another using a fully-Eulerian approach of the Brinkman penalization (BP)
method. Both FSI strategies use the same multiphase flow algorithm that solves
the discrete incompressible Navier-Stokes system in conservative form. A
consistent transport scheme is employed to advect mass and momentum in the
domain, which ensures numerical stability of high density ratio multiphase
flows involved in practical marine engineering applications. Example cases of a
free falling wedge (straight and inclined) and cylinder are simulated, and the
numerical results are compared against benchmark cases in literature.Comment: The current paper builds on arXiv:1901.07892 and re-explains some
parts of it for the reader's convenienc
Simulating water-entry/exit problems using Eulerian-Lagrangian and fully-Eulerian fictitious domain methods within the open-source IBAMR library
In this paper we employ two implementations of the fictitious domain (FD)
method to simulate water-entry and water-exit problems and demonstrate their
ability to simulate practical marine engineering problems. In FD methods, the
fluid momentum equation is extended within the solid domain using an additional
body force that constrains the structure velocity to be that of a rigid body.
Using this formulation, a single set of equations is solved over the entire
computational domain. The constraint force is calculated in two distinct ways:
one using an Eulerian-Lagrangian framework of the immersed boundary (IB) method
and another using a fully-Eulerian approach of the Brinkman penalization (BP)
method. Both FSI strategies use the same multiphase flow algorithm that solves
the discrete incompressible Navier-Stokes system in conservative form. A
consistent transport scheme is employed to advect mass and momentum in the
domain, which ensures numerical stability of high density ratio multiphase
flows involved in practical marine engineering applications. Example cases of a
free falling wedge (straight and inclined) and cylinder are simulated, and the
numerical results are compared against benchmark cases in literature
Optimal specific wavelength for maximum thrust production in undulatory propulsion
<div><p>What wavelengths do undulatory swimmers use during propulsion? In this work we find that a wide range of body/caudal fin (BCF) swimmers, from larval zebrafish and herring to fully–grown eels, use specific wavelength (ratio of wavelength to tail amplitude of undulation) values that fall within a relatively narrow range. The possible emergence of this constraint is interrogated using numerical simulations of fluid–structure interaction. Based on these, it was found that there is an optimal specific wavelength (OSW) that maximizes the swimming speed and thrust generated by an undulatory swimmer. The observed values of specific wavelength for BCF animals are relatively close to this OSW. The mechanisms underlying the maximum propulsive thrust for BCF swimmers are quantified and are found to be consistent with the mechanisms hypothesized in prior work. The adherence to an optimal value of specific wavelength in most natural hydrodynamic propulsors gives rise to empirical design criteria for man–made propulsors.</p></div
Measured propulsive force from low Re<sub>lat</sub> sheets with varying frequency and amplitude.
<p>Axial propulsive force vs. specific wavelength for additional small–sheet simulations in which (a) frequency and (b) amplitude were varied. Data are available in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0179727#pone.0179727.s014" target="_blank">S2 Data</a>.</p
Measured propulsive force from low Re<sub>lat</sub> undulating sheet simulations.
<p>The axial propulsive force generated by a stationary undulating sheet plotted against specific wavelength. In both cases (a) & (b), plate span was varied. These data represent cases where Re<sub>lat</sub> < 1 Ă— 10<sup>2</sup>. Data are available in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0179727#pone.0179727.s014" target="_blank">S2 Data</a>.</p
Mean specific wavelength, lateral Reynolds number, and aspect ratio for the organisms studied in this work.
<p>*Anguilliform swimmers. <sup>†</sup>Swimmer has a distinct caudal fin. All <i>Clupea harengus</i> and <i>Danio rerio</i> specimens were larval. Aspect ratio data are measured from side–view images or schematics of swimmer and not related to the listed <i>N</i><sub><i>i</i></sub> value.</p